What Is The International Society
for Krishna Consciousness?
The International Society
for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), popularly known as the Hare Krishna movement,
is a worldwide association of devotees of Krishna, the Supreme Personality of
Godhead. God is known by many names, according to His different qualities and
activities. In the Bible he is known as Jehovah (“the almighty one”), in the
Koran as Allah (“the great one”), and in the Bhagavad-gita
as Krishna, a Sanskrit name meaning “the all-attractive one.”
The movement’s main
purpose is to promote the well-being of human society by teaching the science of
God consciousness (Krishna consciousness) according to the timeless Vedic
scriptures of India.
Many leading figures in
the international religious and academic community have affirmed the
movement’s authenticity. Diana L. Eck, professor of comparative religion and
Indian studies at Harvard University, describes the movement as “a tradition
that commands a respected place in the religious life of humankind.”
In 1965, His Divine Grace
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami, known to his followers as Srila Prabhupada, brought Krishna
consciousness to America. On the day he landed in Boston, on his way to
New York City, he penned these words in his diary: “My dear Lord Krishna, I am
sure that when this transcendental message penetrates the hearts of the
Westerners, they will certainly feel gladdened and thus become liberated from
all unhappy conditions of life.” He was sixty-nine years old, alone and with
few resources, but the wealth of spiritual knowledge and devotion he possessed
was an unwavering source of strength and inspiration.
“At a very advanced age,
when most people would be resting on their laurels,” writes Harvey Cox,
Harvard University theologian and author, “Srila Prabhupada hearkened to the
mandate of his own spiritual teacher and set out on the difficult and demanding
voyage to America. Srila Prabhupada is, of course, only one of thousands of
teachers. But in another sense, he is one in a thousand, maybe one in a
million.”
In 1966, Srila Prabhupada
founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, which became the
formal name for the Hare Krishna movement.
Astonishing Growth
In the years that followed,
Srila Prabhupada gradually attracted tens of thousands of followers, started
more than a hundred temples and ashrams, and published scores of books. His
achievement is remarkable in that he transplanted India’s ancient spiritual
culture to the twentieth-century Western world.
New devotees of Krishna soon
became highly visible in all the major cities around the world by their public
chanting and their distribution of Srila Prabhupada’s books of Vedic
knowledge. They began staging joyous cultural festivals throughout the year and
serving millions of plates of delicious vegetarian food offered to Krishna (known
as prasadam). As a result, ISKCON has
significantly influenced the lives of millions of people. In the early 1980’s
the late A. L. Basham, one of the world’s leading authorities on Indian
history and culture, wrote, “The Hare Krishna movement arose out of next to
nothing in less than twenty years and has become known all over the West. This
is an important fact in the history of the Western world.”
Five
Thousand Years of Spiritual Wisdom
Scholars worldwide have
acclaimed Srila Prabhupada’s translations of Vedic literature. Garry Gelade, a
professor at Oxford University’s Department of Philosophy, wrote of them:
“These texts are to be treasured. No one of whatever faith or philosophical
persuasion who reads these books with an open mind can fail to be moved and
impressed.” And Dr. Larry Shinn, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at
Bucknell University, wrote, “Prabhupada’s personal piety gave him real
authority. He exhibited complete command of the scriptures, an unusual depth of
realization, and an outstanding personal example, because he actually lived what
he taught.”
The best known of the
Vedic texts, the Bhagavad-gita (“Song
of God”), is the philosophical basis for the Hare Krishna movement. Dating back
5,000 years, it is sacred to nearly a billion people today. This exalted work
has been praised by scholars and leaders the world over. Mahatma Gandhi said,
“When doubts haunt me, when disappointments stare me in the face and I see not
one ray of hope, I turn to the Bhagavad-gita and find a verse to comfort me.” Ralph Waldo Emerson
wrote, “It was the first of books; it was as if an empire spoke to us, nothing
small or unworthy, but large, serene, consistent, the voice of an old
intelligence which in another age and climate had pondered and thus disposed of
the same questions which exercise us.” It is not surprising to anyone familiar
with the Gita that Henry David Thoreau
said, “In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal
philosophy of the Bhagavad-gita.”
As Dr. Shinn pointed out,
Srila Prabhupada’s Bhagavad-gita
(titled Bhagavad-gita As
It Is) possesses unique authority not only because of his erudition but
because he lived what he taught. Thus unlike the many other English translations
of the Gita that preceded his, which
is replete with extensive commentary, Srila Prabhupada’s has sparked a
spiritual revolution throughout the world.
Lord Krishna teaches in the Bhagavad-gita
that we are not these temporary material bodies but spirit souls, or
conscious entities, and that we can find genuine peace and happiness only in
spiritual devotion to God. The Gita and
other well-known world scriptures recommend that people joyfully chant God’s
holy names, such as Krishna, Allah, and Jehovah.
A
Sixteenth-Century Incarnation of Krishna
Lord Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Krishna Himself in the role of His own devotee, popularized the
chanting of God’s names all over India in the early sixteenth century. He constantly sang these names of God, as
prescribed in the Vedic literatures: Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare
Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. This Hare Krishna chant, or mantra,
is a transcendental sound vibration. It purifies the mind and awakens the
dormant love of God that resides in the hearts of all living beings. Lord Chaitanya
requested His followers to spread the chanting to every town and
village of the world.
Anyone can take part in
the chanting of Hare Krishna and learn the science of spiritual devotion by
studying the Bhagavad-gita As It Is.
This easy and practical process of self-realization will awaken our natural
state of peace and happiness.
Hare
Krishna
Lifestyles
The devotees seen dancing
and chanting in the streets, dressed in traditional Indian robes, are for the
most part full-time students of the Hare Krishna movement. The vast majority of
followers, however, live and work in the general community, practicing Krishna consciousness in their homes and attending temples on a regular basis.
Full-time devotees
throughout the world number about 15,000, with 500,000 congregational members.
The movement comprises 300 temples, 50 rural communities, 40 schools, and 75
restaurants in 85 countries.
In order to revive their
own and humanity’s inherent natural spiritual principles of compassion,
truthfulness, cleanliness, and austerity, and to master the mind and the
material senses, devotees also follow these four regulations:
1. No eating of meat,
fish, or eggs.
2. No gambling.
3. No illicit sex.
4. No intoxication of
any kind, including tobacco, coffee, and tea.
According to the Bhagavad-gita
and other Vedic literatures,
indulgence in the above activities disrupts our physical, mental, and spiritual
well-being and increases anxiety and conflict in society.
A
Philosophy for Everyone
The philosophy of the Hare Krishna
movement (a monotheistic tradition) is summarized in the following eight
points:
1. By sincerely
cultivating the authentic spiritual science presented in the Bhagavad-gita
and other Vedic scriptures, we can become free from anxiety and achieve a
state of pure, unending, blissful consciousness.
2. Each of us is not
the material body but an eternal spirit soul, part and parcel of God (Krishna). As
such, we are all the eternal servants of Krishna and are interrelated through Him,
our common father.
3. Krishna is the
eternal, all-knowing, omnipresent, all-powerful, and all-attractive Personality
of Godhead. He is the seed-giving father of all living beings and the sustaining
energy of the universe. He is the source of all incarnations of God, including
Lord Buddha and Lord Jesus Christ.
4. The Vedas
are the oldest scriptures in the world. The essence of the Vedas
is found in the Bhagavad-gita, a
literal record of Krishna’s words spoken five thousands years ago in India. The
goal of Vedic knowledge—and of all religions—is to achieve love of God.
5. We can perfectly
understand the knowledge of self-realization through the instructions of a
genuine spiritual master—one who is free from selfish motives, who teaches the
science of God explained in the Bhagavad-gita, and whose mind is firmly fixed in meditation on Krishna.
6. All that we eat
should first be offered to Lord Krishna with a prayer. In this way Krishna accepts
the offering and blesses it for our purification.
7. Rather than living
in a self-centered way, we should act for the pleasure of Lord Krishna. This is
known as bhakti-yoga, the science of
devotional service.
8. The most effective
means for achieving God consciousness in this Age of Kali, or quarrel, is to
chant the holy names of the Lord: Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare
Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
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